Type-writing machine.



J. SOKLV. TYPE WRITING` MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED JAN,12,'1-911.

1506251 94.- Patented May 20, 1.913.

JACOB SOKOLOV, OFv NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO UNDERWOOD TYPE\URITER COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF DELA-VIARE.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

Lessinia.

To. all 'wilma t may concern Be it known that I, JACOB SoiioLov, a subjectof the Czar of Russia, residing in the borough Vof Brooklyn, New York. city, in the county of Kings`-and State of New Yo1'l{,jlia-ve invented certain new and useful Improvements iii Type-Triting Machines, of which the following is a` specification.

The present invention relates to that class of't-ypewriting machines in which the car riage return and line spacing operations are effected by power actuated means suitably 'controlled from the keyboard or elsewhere.

It is-not new with the present invention to effect these operations .from a centinuous source of power, nor is it new with this invention, .in effecting the carriage return, to connect the carriage positively to a source of power, Acontinuous or other rise; nor is it new to provide a non-positive connection from a continuous source of power to the vcarriage by' means of a. friction or other slip gear in the driving connections.v -A slip or yielding connection has been recognized as desirable for the purpose of protecting, the mechanism from injury in event of blocking of the machine or in event of excessive load on the connections, and also forA protectingv the machine from the effects of sudden application of the power. A continuous source of-power is desirable in connection with certain machines and under certain conditions. but vinvolves some waste of power, and is unnecessaryv under `other conpower. Ia yielding connection, as reliable as 'a positive connection in its driving operation, although involvingbut few and simple parts and movements; and equally reliable in its'yielding action in Aevent of voverload on theconnections. A

It is a feature to'provide meansk for adjusting the strength of the yielding connec- Speeicati'on of Letters Patent.

'Patented May 2c, isis.'

Application filed January 12, 1911. Serial No. @02,163.

It will be understood tliatthe several fea-u tures of the invention may or mayl not be combined in one machinel y ln the embodiment of the invention hereinafter shown, the slip or yielding connection comprises two friction gearv members,

one positively connected, to the source `of power and the other positively connectedto the carriage; these gear members consist, of rotary elements the opposing friction surfaces of which are substantially fiat, and the other faces of which have an annular bevel, the friction surfaces are not normally in driving contact, but there is provided akey controlled means movable at right angles to the axis of rotation of the frictioniniembers land adaptedto coperate `with the'beve-led faces to exert a wedge-like action on the friction members to force thejsame into vdriving Contact: the source of power is nor-Y mally` inactive but is controlled by an electric circuit.v comprising Ain part the keyvlever which controlsk the engagement ofthe friction gears, so that when this key lever is actuated to set the friction gears for a carriage drive, it also acts as a switch to close the circuit of a motor for driving the gears to return the carriage.`

Other objects and advantagesv will hereinafter-appear. i. y

ln the accompanyingdrawings, Figure l motor attached, land showing the carriage return lconnections from the motor to lthe iline-spacing'l-ever of the typewriter, parts ynot illustrating the invention being broken away. Fig. 2 is La top plan. of the motor,"

partly cross' sectionalI to showniore clearly "the driving connection from' the motor shaft to the carriage. draw bandi' Fig. 3'is a'view in end elevation on the line 8 8 of Fig; 9.,

vthe carriage return keybeing in normal position. F ig. 4 is a view similar to. 3,

except that the key is indepifessed position 4.is a perspective view of-a typewriter, with I to close the circuit of the motor. Fig. 5 is a perspective view, showing the key lever and the levers actuated thereby to control the drive from the motor. Fig. 6 is a dia- 5 grammatic view of the motor circuit and carriage return key for controlling'the same.

The carriage 1 carrying the platen cylinder 2 is indicated as mounte'd in the u`sual manner to have longitudinal movement in turn and line spacing lever 10 is a draw band 12 which passes over an idler 13 supported in a bracket 14 at the right hand side of the machine, and then passes down and is attached to a drum 15, which, when rotated r in the direct-ion indicated by the arrow in Fig. 1, causes the draw band to be wound upon the same, and in so doing, causes the line spacing lever first to line space andl then to return the carriage by movement to the right with the draw band.

The carriage draw band drum 15 is loosely, mounted on the shaft 16 which form-s an extension to the armature shaft of a motor 17 supported on a base 18 attached as at 19 to the frame 3 of the typewriting machine. Although normally disconnected ,from the shaft 16 of the motor, the drum 15 is nevertheless adapted to be connected to the motor shaft to line space t 1e platen and return the carriage whenever a key 2O for this purpose is depressed. The key 20 is carried by a key lever 23 pivoted at 21 to a block I27 attached to the base plate 18 of t-he motor. The block 27 is electrically connected to the key lever 23, and both are in the circuit 22 of the motor (see Fig. 6). One terminalv 24 of this circuit consists of a metallic strip attached to a block 25 of insulating material on the base plate 18. A coil compression spring 26 supported on the block 27 bears at its upper end -against the lkey lever I23 and holds the key lever and key in normal position, re. turning the same to normal position after each operation vof the same. strip 24 projects under the key lever 23 in such manner that when the key lever is depressed, it is brought intoV Contact with the terminal 24 Aand by connecting the latter with the block 27, establishes'the motor circuit and starts the motor. i 'The drum 15 is loose on the motor shaft, grand, in order that the motor, when started, maydcause the drum to be rotated, the following connections from the drum to the motor shaft are provided. `Fast to the mo- '65 tor shaft by means of a set screw 28 is a The terminal friction gear 29 having a Hat outer -face and a beveled inner face. Fast to the. drum 15, and with it normally loose on the shaft 16, is a second. friction gear 30 having a fiatv face opposed to the ateface of the 'gear 29,' m and being also tapered, or beveled on its otherface.4 The drum 15 with the gearA 30 has a slight longitudinal play on theyshaft 16. AThis play is controlled by a spring 41 which vbears against the outer face -of the drum 15 and tends to urge the gear 30 against thel gear 29. The spring 41iis not, however, strong enough to maintain .an effective driving contact between the gears 29 and 30. Other means, operated by the key 30. 20, are provided for forcing and holding the gear 30 against the gear 29 with the riequisite pressure for driving the, drum; When such contact is established, the gear 30re volves with the gear 29, andthe drum 15 consequently revolves with the'motor shaft.v

The key operated means for forcing the gear 30 Aagainst ,the gear 2 9 comprises two rotary'members 31 and 32, one at either side oftheV shaft 16, and each having two disks spaced sufficiently apart so that the one diskl may engage the beveled face of the gear 29, and the other disk the beveled face ofthe gear 30. When-the members 31an'd 32 are forced toward the "motor shaft, they press against the bevels of the gears 29 and 30 and exert a wedge or cam-like action on the latter to force and hold the gears tovgether: The members 31 and 32 are idlers,

th'e bearing pins 33 and 34 of which are car- 100 .ried in the upright arms of two bell crank levers 35 and 36. The lever 35'is pivoted at 38 to the block 27, and the lever 36 is pivoted to the block at 37. When the levers are rocked to movethe ,upright arms toward each other, the members 31 and 32 act 'on the beveled faces'of the gears 294and 30, and also rotate freely with these gears. lVheng the levers are rocked to move the arms apart, the pressure of the gear 30 on the gear '29`is relieved.

The ke)7 lever 23 .when depressed to make' the circuit of ,the moto-r, also engages -and depresses the lower orhorizontal arm of the lever 36 .and .moves the 'rotary member 32 115 toward the gears 29 and30. The horizontal. arm of the lever 36 carries a pin 39 which, when the. lever 36 is rocked by the key lever, engages the upper face ofthe lower or hori-'f" Zontal arm of the lever 35, thereby causing 120 the latter also tobe rocked on'its'pivot to move the member 31 toward the gears ,129

and 30. There is therefore upon-'depression of the key lever a` scissor-like mo ement of the levers 35 and 36.*to and.fr 29 and 30, to cause the latter t together. p, p n y An advantage of the present construction is the nice control the operatorhas over the return ofthe carriage. By a light pressure 130 on the key 20 the frictional contact between i the gears 29 and 30 Will be insufficient to entirely prevent slipping during the returnof the carriage, so that the latter-moves compara-tively slowly. The return movement may, therefore, be made as slowly as desired {simply by regulating the pressure on vthe finger key. It will also be apparent that levers 35 and 36, the stop 40 determinesthe contact pressure of one friction: member v against the other; and, as the stop is adjustable, it serves as a means for adjusting this pressure, so that the gears may slip when a predetermined load is applied to the driving connections. The frictional engagement of gear 29 vwith gear 30 is adjusted to an amount sufficientto effect the return ,of the carriage by the'motor under normal conditions, while permitting slip in event of blocking of the machine orof an excessive load such as might result in injury to t-he mechanism by means of the application of the motive force; j

lVlien the key lever is released, themem* bers 31 and are thrown by the gears 29 and 30 to normal position. The springtl is a brake which by bearingagainst the face of the drum l5 controls the movement of 'the latter during the feed of the carriage .to

prevent over-run of the drum.

A simple and effective embodiment of the invention has been disclosed,` but it will be .understood that the same kmay be variously modified Within the scope f theinvention. Having thus described my invention, -l claim:

l. In a typewriting machine, the combinat-ion of a carriage, a carriage-return mechanism' comprising a' drive shaft, means for driving said shaft, a. friction member fast to said shaft, a second frictionmcmber4 normally disconnected from said shaft, a5 drum connected to said second friction meinber, a draw-band connected to said drum and to the carriage, .keyfcontrolled meansfor relatively moving said friction `members into operative` engagement with one another,

and means for adjusting the throw Tof vsaidi key to vary the load at which said friction members Will slip. v

Q. In a typewriting machine-the combination of a carriage, a carriage-retiirnemech-- anism comprising a drive shaft., meansfon driving said shaft,a friction member fast to said shaft,- a-second friction member loose on y said shaft, a drum connected lto said second 4 friction member, a draw-band connected to saiddrum and tothe carriage, keyfcontrolled means Afon'relatively' moving said-,friction` membersinto operative engagement with one another, and means for adjusting the throw of said key' to vary the load at which zmeans for relatively movingA i trolled means forcoperating witlrsai'f saidfriction members will slip. A

Ina typewritingmachine, the combination of a carriage, acarijiage-return mechanism comprising a drive shaft, normally inactive means for" driving said shaft, a friction member fast tosaid shaft, a. second friction member normally loose on said shaft, adrum connected to said second friction member, a draw-band connected to said drum and tothe" carriage, key-controlled 'si `d friction members' into operative engagement with one-another, and for rendering active said shaft driving means, andfineans for adjusting the throw of saidvkey to determine the load at which said friction nieinbers'n'ill slip.

4t. In a typewriting machine', theconibi nation-of a carriage.v a power-shaft, connections from the` power' shaftP-to the carriage for returning thelatter, saidconnections comprising two friction' members', 'oneof which memberscarries a cam or wettige whereby the .two members may be moved relatively with. `driving contact," ke i cont cam or. wedge to establish driving contact of vsaid friction members, and means for adjusting the throw of, said key to determine the load at which said friction members will slip,

5. In a typewriting i'nacliine, the combination of a carriage, a power-shaft, connections from the power shaft` to the carriage for returning the latter. said connections comprising two friction members movable relatively .into and out of driving contact .with each other, said members having oppositely inclined faces, and ke v-cont rolled v.means-,forengaging said linclined faces with a wedge orcam-like action to force the fric-l tion ,members together'. 1

6. In a typewriting machine, the combination ofr acarriage, a powery shaft, connecytions from the power; shafttothe carriage for :returning the laitei",` said connections comprising two rotary y"friction members lmovable relatively 'into ,andi out of dri ving AContact with `each other, said members having, oppositely inclined annular faces. and

'key-controlled means for* engaging said 'inclined faces with a wedge or cam like action to Lforce thefrictiony members t'o,f "fher.

In a typewriting machine," the combination acarriage', apow ,r shafhconnections from,A the power shaft to'nthe carriage for' rtiirning, tlzie latter, Sa `1d. co1ii iectioiis ice two rotary friction members sinoveblefrelatxvelyinto and ontof driving contact with each. other, said members hav- I 'ing x'oppositely inclined annular-faces, and

;kcycontrol;led disks for engaging said ini Clind faces .with'a wedge or cam like action to, orcefthe friction I I'lembers together. l .8. In aztypewritingmachine, the combiv krnation of a carriage, a power s haft, connec- '1o v 'for"return1ngthe latter', said connections tions 'from the power` shaft to the carriage i' comprising two rotary friction members inovablerelatively into andout' of driving -so'that one/of said surfaces' may engage the inclined/face of one of the friction members contactwith each other,' said members having oppositely/.inclined faces, a rotary member having two annular surfaces spaced and the other'theinclined face of the other friction vmember,` and keycontrolled means for moving said last-named rotary member vtoca'use'the annular surfaces thereof to act on the inclined faces of the friction memberswith a caml or wedge-'like action.

a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, a power shaft, connect-ions from the power shaft to the carriage for returning the latter, saidconnections compris- .ing twoA rotary friction 'members movable into and' out of -driving contact` relativel with eac i other, said members having opposltely inclined faces, means' comprising two disks rotatably mounted and spaced apart so that one `of said disksmayr engage the in clined .face of one of the friction members and the other the inclined face of the other "iii -for forcin faces of t e frictlon members, whereby a friction 'member, and key-controlled means said 'disks against the inclined l .has a beveled annular surface. a rotary disk, 50.

beveled face of the friction member with a and means for forcing the disk against said camor wedge-like action whereby said friction member is forced into driving contact with said other friction member.

11. In a typewritin'g machine, the combin'ation of a carriage, a power shaft, connections from the power shaft to the car riage for returning the latter, said connections comprising two rotary' friction members one of which in addition to its friction surface has a beveled annular surface, a ro- ',tary disk, and a key operated lever for forcvin'lr the disk against said beveled face-of the friction member with a cam or wedge-like- -action whereby'said friction member is forced into' driving contact with said other friction member. 12. In a` typewriting machine, the comlbinationof a carriage, apower shaft, connections from the power shaft to the carriage for returningthe latter, said connec- -tions comprlslngtwo rotary frlction members one of which in addition to its friction surface has a beveled annular surface, a rotary disk, and a key 'operated lever on which said diskis mounted. for forcing the disk against said beveled face of the friction member with a cam or wedge-like 'action whereby said friction member is forced into driving contact withy said 4other friction member.

13. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, a power shaft, connections from thepower shaft to the carriage for returning the latter, said connections comprising two rotary friction members one of which in addition to its friction surface has a beveled annular surface, two rotary disks one on each side of the bearing of said beveled friction member, and means for forcing said disks in opposite directions against said beveled surface to exert thereon a cam or wedge-like action whereby said beveled friction member is forced into driving contact with said other friction member.

14. Ina typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, a power shaft, connections from the power shaft to the carriage for returning the latter, said `connections comprising two rotary friction members one of which in'addition to its friction surface has a beveled annular surface, two rotary disks one on each side of the bearing of said beveled friction member, and two levers, one supporting each of said disks, for forci'ng said disks in opposite directions against Vsaid beveled surface to exert thereon a cam or wedge-like action .whereby said beveled friction member is forced into driving contact with said o'ther friction member.

15. In a. typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, a power shaft, connections from the power shaft tothe carriage for returning the latter,'said connections comprising two rotary friction members one of which in addition to its friction surface has a beveled annular surface, two rotary disks one on each side of the bearing of said beveled member, ltwo levers, one supporting each of saiddisks, for forcing said disks in opposite directions against. sa1d beveled surface 'to exert thereon a camor wedge-like action whereby said'beveled'friction member is forced into driving contact with said other friction member, key-controlled means for actuating one of said levers, and means forN operating the other 1ever. from the key-actuated lever. 16. In a typewriting machine, the combination of'a carriage, a. power shaft, conneciso tions from the p'ower shaft to the carriage for returning the latter, said connections comprising two rotary friction members one of which in addition to its friction surface has a beveled annular'surface, two rotary disks one on each side of the bearing of said beveled member, two levers, one supporting each of said disks, for forcing said disks in opposite directions against said beveled surface to exert thereon a cam or wedge-like action whereby said beveled friction member is forced into driving contact with said other friction member, keyscontrolled means for actuating one of said levers, and a wristpin carried by the lever so actuated, for engaging and simultaneously actuating the other lever. v

17. In a. typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, a power shaft, connections from the power shaft to the carriage for returning the latter, said connections comprising two rotary friction members one of which in addition to its friction surface has a beveled annular surface, two rota-ry disks one on each side of the bearing of said beveled friction member, two bell crank levers pivotedone on each side of the 'bearing of said beveled friction member ,one arm of each lever supporting` one of said rotary disks,

and the other arms of said levers overlap-A ping a projection on one of the overlapping arms for engaging the other of the overlapping arms to cause the levers to operate simultaneously, and means for actuating the lever which carries said projection so that the disks carried by said levers may be forced against said beveled face of the friction member to exert on said member a cam or wedge like action for pressing said friction member into driving contact'with said other friction member.

18. In. atypewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, a power shaft, connec tions from the power shaft to the carriage for returning the latter, said connections comprising two rotar-y frictionA members each of which in addition to its friction surface has a. beveled annular surface, two pairs of disks, one pair on each side of t-he bearing of said friction members, and means for forcing said pairs of disks in opposite directions toward said friction members to cause' the beveled surfaces of the latter to be engaged between the disks of leach pair with a cam or wedge-like action whereby the friction members are pressed into driving contact with each other. Y

19. In a'typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, a power shaft, connections from the power shaft to the carriage for returning the latter, said connections comprising two rotary friction members, one

of which members in addition tol its friction surface has a beveledannular surface, two elements one to each side ofthe bearing of said beveled friction member, two two-armed levers 'on one arm of each of which one of said last named elements `is supported, keycontrolled means for actuating one ofsaid levers to force the element s'upport'edthereb v against said beveled surface with a can!` or wedge-like action, and means carried by the lever so actuated for engaging and actuating the other lever to cause the element supported thereby to act in similar manner on said beveled annular surface, whereby said beveled friction member is' forced into driving contact with said other'friction member.

Q0. In a typewriting machine, lthe combination of a carriage, a normally inactive power shaft, connections from the power shaft to the carriage for returning the latter, said connections comprising two rotary friction members, one of which members in addition to its friction surface has a beveled annular surface, two elements one Ato each side of t-he bearing of said beveledfriction member, two twoarmed levers on one arm of each of which one of said last namedelements is supported, key-controlled means for actuating one of said'levers to force the element supported thereby against said beveled surface with a cam or wedge-like action, means carried by the lever 'so actuated for engaging and actuatingv the other lever to cause the element supported therebyy to act in similar manner on said beveled annular surface, whereby said beveled friction member is forced into driving Contact with'said other friction member, and means whereby said key-controlled means, when operated, starts the power shaft.

21. In a typewriting machine, the combination ofa carriage, a power shaft, connections from the power shaft to the carriage for returning the latter, said connections comprising two rotary friction memberseach of which in addtior. toits friction surface has a beveled annular surface, two pairsof disks, one pair on each side of the bearing of said friction members, means l'for forcing said pairs of disks in opposite directions toward said friction members'to cause the beveled surfaces of thelatter to'be engaged between thel disks of each pair with a .scam or wedge-like action whereby theffriction members are pressed into ydriving Contact with each other, and key-controlled levers for supporting and shift-ing vsaid disks "as aforesaid. v Q2. In a typewriting machine, the'coinbination of a. carriage, a 'normally' inactive' power shaft, carriage-return connections from the power shaft to the carriage,' 'said connections comprisingja slip connection, key-'controlled means for renderingv said power shaft active, and means forya'rying the throw of the key t-odetermine'the load at which said connectionwll l 4,

24. In a'typewriting machine, the combination of a. carriage, an electrically actuated, normally inactive power shaft, an electric circuit controlling the operation of said shaft, carriage return connections from theV power shaft to .the carriage, a friction gear forming part of said connections, a key controlled lever forestablishing the driving contact of said friction gear, said lever also acting as a switch to make and break, the-circuit which controls the power shaft so that when the lever is operated, the power shaft is rendered active, and means for varying the throw of said lever for varying the frictional engagement of said gear.

25. In a typewriting machine, the combinat-ion of a carriage, a carriage return mech'- anism comprising a drive shaft, means for 'driving said shaft, a friction member fast to said shaft, a second frictionmember normally loose onsaid shaft, a drum connected to said second friction member, a drawband connected to said drum and to the carriage, key-controlled means for moving said friction members into operative engagement with one another, and means for adjusting the pressure ofjcontact of said friction members, by alteringthe throw of said key.

In a typewriting machine, theconibination of a carriage, apower shaft, connections from the power-shaft to the carriage v for retiirning the latter, said connections comprising two rotary friction members, one of which members in addition to its friction surface has a beveled annular surface, two elements one to each side of the bearing of said beveled friction member, two twoarmed levers on one arm of each of which one of said last named elements is supported, key-controlled means for actuating one of said levers to force' the element supported thereby against said beveled surface ywith a cam or wedge-like action, and means carried by the lever-so actuated for engaging and actuating the other lever to cause the element supported thereby to act in similar manner on said beveled annular surface, whereby said beveled friction member is forced into driving contact with 'said other friction member; said key-controlled means having adjustable means'for regulating the 'effective pressure of said friction members .against each-other; l v

27. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage, of a carriage return mechanism comprising an electric ino-tor, a friction member fast on the shaft of said motor, a second friction member loose on i;

said shaft, a' winding drum fast to said second friction member and carrying one end of a band fast'on said carriage, rollers, and means to press said rollers against the said friction members and cause said friction members to bind vand drive said drum to move said carriage, the reaction between said rollers and the friction members 'constantly tending to release said'binding of the friction members. l

2S. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage, of a carriage return mechanism comprising an electric motor, a friction member fast on the shaft of 'said motor, a second friction member loose on said shaft, said friction members having opposing flat faces, a winding drum fast to said second friction member and carrying one end of a band fast on said carriage, a

,flanged disk and means for causing the flanges of said disk to bear against said friction memb'ers and cause said friction members to bndand drive said drum to move said carriage, thereaction between said anges and the friction members con-vA stantly-tending to release said binding of the friction members.

29. 'In a typewriting machine, the combii nation with a carriage, of a carriage return mechanism comprising a drive shaft, means for driving said shaft, a friction member fast to said shaft, a second friction member normally disconnected from said shaft, a drum connected to said second friction member, a draw-band connected to said drum and to the carriage, a finger-key, land disk flanges operated-thereby into engagement with the friction members forl causing a relativeA movement of said .friction members into operative engagement with one another with a pressure variable with the pressure on the key, therebycontrolling the speed of the carriage.

` 30. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, a carriage return mechanism comprising a ldrive shaft, normally inactive means for driving said shaft, a friction member fast to said shaft, a second friction member normally loose on said shaft, a drum connected to said second friction member, a draw-band connected to said drum and to the carriage, and key-controlled disks engagin said friction members for relatively moving said friction members into operative engagement with one another and permitting Va variable amount of slipping between the members controlled by the pressure on the key, thereby controlling the ico . nation of a-carriage, a powershaft, connections from the .power shaft to thel carriage with each other, saidmembers having oppositely inclined` faces, a key, and means operated thereby to engage said inclined. faces with awedge orcam like action to force one friction member-against the other with a pressure variable with the pressure on the key, land thereby vary the amount ofl slippage between said members.

'32 In a typewriting machine, the Icombi-k nat-ion of a carriage, apower shaft, connections from the power shaft to the czwriage for returning the latter, 'said connections comprising two rotary friction members movable relatively 'into and out of driving contact with each other, said members having oppositely inclined annular faces, disks to engage said inclined faces with a wedge or cam like action to force one friction member into engagement with the other, a key, and means operated thereby to vary the i pressure of the disks'on the inclined faces in response to variationsl of the: pressure on the key.

33. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, a power shaft,'connec tions from the power shaft to the carriage for 'returning the latter, said connections comprising two rotary friction members movable relatively into and out 'of driving contact with each other, said members having oppositely inclined facs,.a rotary mem- 'ber having two annular surfaces spacedso that one of said surfaces may engage the inclined face of one of the friction members,

-and the other the inclined face of they other friction member, and key-controlled means* to move said' last-named rotary member against the inclined faces of t e friction members with a cam or'wedge ike action and. vary the friction between the friction members in response to variations in the pressure on the key.

JACOB sOKOLOV. e

Witnesses 2 K. FRANKFQRT, B. GOLDBERG. 

